Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the Electoral College Essay

Talk about the points of interest and hindrances of the Electoral College - Essay Example The Contender is required to take a wide development. It is inside the Electoral College that the presidential candidates are subject to pick a running mate from another locale. The methodology is fundamental as the legislature keeps away from local issues (Hudson and Roger 40). Another advantage of the Electoral College is that it permits the minority gatherings to have any kind of effect in the democratic procedure. The supporters contend that Minorities in an area have the chance of making a uniqueness in the midst of winning of an areas constituent vote or losing (Kimberling and William 1992). The supporters of the Electoral College additionally contend that it helps in keeping up the government character in a nation. The supporters contend that the Electoral College framework concedes each district the freewill to plan its laws with respect to casting a ballot. Constituent College likewise permits every locale to make alterations (Hudson and Roger 40). The supporters of the Electoral College likewise contend that the discouraging consequence of the Electoral College on outsiders as a phenomenal plan. The Electoral College maintains the current two gathering frameworks in giving the locale firm consistency (Kimberling and William 1992). The supporters of the Electoral College likewise contend the Electoral College keeps up division of forces. The constitution has been intended to isolate the legislature to three assorted branches that are expected to introduce strength in addition to thought. A few supporters contend that if the President is casted a ballot legitimately he can express a countrywide mainstream order that will challenge other government branches (Hudson and Roger 40). One of the detriments is that in numerous states, the contender with numerous votes gets each appointive vote of that area. The minority locales have a record of continually deciding in favor of a Democrat or a Republican. Contenders are fit for not

No Sugar by Jack Davis: Exposes the Mistreatment of Australian Aborigi

Today, in the twentieth Century, it is a normally known reality in Australia, and all through the remainder of the world, that Aborigines were abused from since western culture originally settled, and for a long time after that. It is the fundamental reason for stage dramatizations to bring issues, for example, the one referenced above, and thoughts regarding these issues to life through emotional exhibitions and the utilization of various different strategies. No Sugar, a revisionist content composed by Jack Davis in 1985, is one of these stage dramatizations. Jack Davis brings issues and even communicates his own thoughts regarding issues, for example, the shameful acts of Aboriginal treatment during the 1930's, to life in No Sugar very well in light of the fact that No Sugar is a revisionist content, and in this way offers another viewpoint of an Aboriginal perspective, on occasions which happened during the hour of the current issue. No Sugar, the revisionist stage dramatization composed by Jack Davis, is about the abuse of Aborigines in Australia during the 1930's. All the more explicitly, it is about the Millimurra family, and their battle against white Â'protection' and being dealt with like items in their own territory. The stage dramatization is chiefly set in Northam, and Moore River, in Western Australia. Davis investigated issues encompassing the treatment of Aborigines during this period, and mirrors his own thoughts regarding these issues. One issue that is featured about this period in No Sugar is the way Aborigines were victimized, for reasons unknown other than having hued skin. A case of this is in Act One, Scene One, when Cissie is grumbling since when her and her sibling go to purchase apples they get given awful, withered ones, and the white kids get huge, succulent ones. Aw Mum, Old Tony the ding consistently sells us little s... ...f the downturn and that numerous individuals are experiencing yearning and hardship of numerous basic components which make for a battled presence. However, you in this little corner of the Empire are lucky enough in being furnished for with satisfactory food and safe house. Act IV. Sc. (v) Page 97. Utilizing discourse, Davis again shows to the most elevated degree the sum that Aborigines were ignored and minimized in the public eye. Since the peruser realizes that Aborigines are underprovided, and need to take and chase for adequate food, they see that, as expressed by Jimmy, A.O. Neville is talkin' outa his kwon and totally dismissing the Aborigines as residents of Australia. In his revisionary stage show No Sugar Jack Davis has controlled story and showy components, for example, characterisation, imagery and exchange to introduce the plays numerous issues all through the content.

100 Must-Read Books Translated From French

100 Must-Read Books Translated From French French is a rich language, and its literature is richer still. Where to start with getting to know this literature? In honour of Bastille Day and Belgiums National Day in July, I humbly suggest the (non-exclusive) list of books below. Theyve all been translated into English (sometimes multiple times) and are must-reads for different reasons. Maybe they are oft-studied classics, or written by popular contemporary authors, or the language is beautiful, or the themes are important, or they are representative of a genre that is done well by Francophone writers. There are poems, plays, novels, essays, and bandes dessinées. There are books from Québec and Belgium and various French-speaking African countries as well as France itself. (Thanks to wordswithoutborders.org, frenchculture.org, and various university syllabi for helping me fill in the gaps in my knowledge.) A Bag of Marbles, by  Joseph Joffo A Dilemma, by Joris-Karl Huysmans, transl. Justin Vicari A Novel Bookstore, by Laurence Cossé, transl. Alison Anderson   A Very Long Engagement, by Sébastien Japrisot, transl. Linda Coverdale After the Crash, by Michel Bussi, transl. Sam Taylor Algerian White, by Assia Djebar, transl. David Kelley Ambiguous Adventure, by Cheikh Hamidou Kane, transl. Katherine Woods Antigone, by Anouilh, transl. Barbara Bray Apocalypse Baby, by Virginie Despentes, transl. Sian Reynolds Around the World in Eighty Days, by Jules Verne, transl George Makepeace Towle Arsène Lupin, Gentleman-Thief, by Maurice Leblanc Asterix in Britain, by René Gosciny and Albert Uderzo, transl. Anthea Bell and Derek Hockridge Bel-Ami, by Guy de Maupassant, transl. Douglas Parmee Benny Shrimp, by Katarine Mazetti, transl. Sarah Death Bonjour Tristesse, by Françoise Sagan, transl. Irene Ash Candide: Or, Optimism, by Voltaire, transl. Theo Cuffe Cyrano de Bergerac, by Edmond Rostand, transl. Lowell Bair Dangerous Liaisons, by Pierre-Ambroise Choderlos de Laclos, transl. Helen Constantine Destination Moon, by Hergé, transl. Leslie Lonsdale-Cooper Dreams of my Russian Summers, by Andreï Makine, transl. Geoffrey Strachan Elise or The Real Life, by Claire Etcherelli, transl. JP Wilson Exercises In Style, by Raymond Queneau, transl. Barbara Wright Fantasia: An Algerian Cavalcade, by Assia Djebar, transl. Dorothy S. Blair Fear and Trembling, by Amélie Nothomb, transl. Adriana Hunter For Bread Alone, by Mohamed Choukri, transl. Paul Bowles French Women Poets of Nine Centuries: The Distaff and the Pen, by Norman R Shapiro Germinal, by Emile Zola, transl. Roger Pearson Gods Bits of Wood,  by Sembène Ousmane, transl. Ros Schwartz How to Talk about Books You Havent Read, by Pierre Bayard, transl. Jeffrey Mehlman Hunting and Gathering, by Anna Gavalda, transl. Alison Anderson I Am Fifteen and I Dont Want to Die, by Christine Arnothy If Only It Were True, by Marc Levy, transl. Jeremy Leggatt In the Name of God, by Yasmina Khadra, transl. Linda Black Kiffe Kiffe Tomorrow, by Faïza Guène, transl. Sarah Adams Last Love Poems of Paul Eluard, by Paul Eluard, transl. Marilyn Kallet Eugelionne, by Louky Bersianik Les Misérables, by Victor Hugo, transl.  Charles Wilbour Madame Bovary, by Flaubert, transl. Lydia Davis Maigrets First Case, by Georges Simenon, transl. Ros Schwartz Mission to Kala, by Mongo Beti, transl. Peter Green Moderato Cantabile, by Marguerite Dumas, transl. Richard Seaver My Fathers Glory My Mothers Castle: Marcel Pagnols Memories of Childhood, by Marcel Pagnol, transl. Rita Barisse Nedjma, by Yacine Kateb, transl. Richard Howard No Exit, by Jean-Paul Sartre, transl. Stuart Gilbert Losing North: Essays on Cultural Exile, by Nancy Huston, transl. Nancy Huston Oscar and the Lady in Pink, by Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt, transl. Adriana Hunter Poems of Emile Verhaeren, by Emile Verhaeren, transl. Alma Strettell Rhinoceros, by Eugène Ionesco Sarahs Key, by Tatiana de Rosnay Savage Seasons, by Kettly Mars, transl. Jeanine Herman Selected Poems, by Emile Nelligan, transl. P.F. Nelligan Silent Day in Tangier, by Tahar Ben Jelloun, transl. D. Lobdelli So Long a Letter, by Mariama Bâ, transl. Modupe Bode-Thomas Sphinx, by Anne Garréta, transl. Emma Ramadan Submission by Michel Houellebecq, transl. Lorin Stein Suite Française by Irène Némirovsky, transl. Sandra Smith Suspended Sentences: Three Novellas, by Patrick Modiano, transl. Mark Polizzotti Swanns Way, by Marcel Proust, transl. Lydia Davis The Cid, by Pierre Corneille, transl. John Cairncross The Complete Essays, by Michel de Montaigne, transl. M.A. Screech The Count of Monte-Cristo by Alexandre Dumas, transl. Robin Buss The Dark Child by Camara Laye, transl. Ernest Jones and James Kirkup The Diving Bell and the Butterfly, by Jean-Dominique Bauby, transl. Jeremy Leggatt The Elegance of the Hedgehog, by Muriel Barbery, transl. Alison Anderson The Exchange of Princesses, by Chantal Thomas, transl. John Cullen The Extraordinary Journey of the Fakir who got trapped in an Ikea Wardrobe, by Romain Puertolas, transl. Sam Taylor The Fairies are Thirsty, by Denise Boucher, transl. Alan Brown The Flowers of Evil, by Charles Baudelaire, transl. James N McGowan The Foreign Student, by Philippe Labro The Grand Repudiation,  by Rachid Boujedra, transl. Golda Lambrova The Hunchback of Notre Dame, by Victor Hugo The Illusionist, by Francois Mallet-Joris, transl. Terry Castle The Imaginary Invalid by Moliere, transl. Henri van Laun The Library of Unrequited Love, by Sophie Divry, transl. Sian Reynolds The Little Prince, by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, transl. Richard Howard The Lover, by Marguerite Duras, transl. Barbara Bray The Meursault Investigation, by Kamel Daoud, transl. John Cullen The Poor Mans Son by Mouloud Feraoun, transl. James D Le Sueur The Red and the Black, by Stendhal, transl. Roger Gard The Red Collar, by Jean-Christophe Rufin, transl. Adriana Hunter The Rights of the Reader, by Daniel Pennac, transl. Sarah Ardizzone The Sand Child, by Tahar Ben Jelloun, transl. Alan Sheridan The Savage Night, by Mohammed Dib, transl. C. Dickson The Scar, by Bruce Lowery, transl. Bruce Lowery The Scorpion: Or, The Imaginary Confession, by Albert Memmi, transl. Eleanor Levieux The Second Sex, by Simone de Beauvoir, transl. Constance Borde The Simple Past, by Driss Chraibi, trans. Hugh A. Harter The Song of Roland, by Unknown Author, transl. Dorothy L Sayers The Stranger, by Albert Camus, transl. Matthew Ward The Suns of Independence, by Ahmadou Kourouma, transl. Adrian Adams The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas, transl. Tom Gauld The Wound, by Laurent Mauvignier, transl. Nicole and David Bell The Wretched of the Earth, by Frantz Fanon, transl. Richard Philcox The Year of the Elephant, by Leila Abouzeid, transl. Barbara Parmenter Thérèse and Isabelle, by Vioilette Leduc, transl. Sophie Lewis Tom Is Dead, by Marie Darriesseucq, transl. Lea Hills Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, by Jules Verne, transl. Scott McKowen Waiting For Godot, by Samuel Beckett, transl. Samuel Beckett Will You Be There?  by Guillaume Musso With Downcast Eyes, by Tahar Ben Jelloun, transl. Joachim Neugroschel

Woman At Point Zero and The Metamorphosis - 1260 Words

Thesis Statement: The absence of mother in the protagonist’s life in Woman At Point Zero and The Metamorphosis contributes greatly to their alienation. ‘All that I am or ever hope to be, I owe to my Mother’ -Abraham Lincoln.’1 Alienation: a withdrawing or separation of a person, or a person’s affections from an object or position of former attachment4. Alienation is a key theme present in Woman at Point Zero2 and The Metamorphosis3 by Nawaal El Saadawi and Franz Kafka respectively which is approached in different ways. With the use of diction, imagery, contrast and symbolism, this is greatly seen through the unusual bonds that Firdaus and Gregor share with their mothers throughout their lives. Gregor from The Metamorphosis was†¦show more content†¦In addition, when Gregor finally shows himself to the clerk and his family, she ‘looked first with hands clasped at his father, then took two steps toward Gregor and sank to the floor..’ (87) The imagery used here conveys the hostile and distant treatment Gregor receives from his family. The connotation of the phrase ‘sank to the floor’ is that of an emotional rejection and portrays how Mrs. Samsa tries to run away from her son’s reality. Through the contrast and imagery it is seen that Gregor is no longer associated with his mother, who is firm on isolating herself from him. This denial affects Gregor directly which explains why he underwent an alienation process. Despite the fact that Gregor’s mother could not bear to physically interact with him, she has hopes of her son’s comeback. When Grete suggests that the furniture be removed from his room, she ‘think[s] the best thing would be if we tried to keep his room exactly as it was before, so that when he returns, he’ll find everything unchanged, and he can forget what’s happened’ (103). The connotation of the words ‘unchanged’, ‘returns’ and ‘forget what’s happened’, suggests how she is under the delusion that Gregor will come back. She does not readily want to accept the fact that anything had happened to her dear son. She was, after all, his mother. In comparison to Firdaus it can certainly be seen that he shared a strong relationshipShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesYour Communication Skills 284 DID YOU KNOW?: The Minimum Wage Debate 267 Job Evaluation and the Pay Structure 267 Job Evaluation 267 Isolating Job Evaluation Criteria 268 Job Evaluation Methods 268 Ordering Method 268 Classification Method 268 Point Method 269 Chapter 12 Employee Benefits 286 Learning Outcomes 286 Introduction 288 Costs of Providing Employee Benefits 288 Contemporary Benefits Offerings 288 Establishing the Pay Structure 270 Contents ETHICAL ISSUES IN HRM: DomesticRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesMuch Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential Exercise Workforce Diversity 32 Ethical Dilemma Jekyll and Hyde 33 Case Incident 1 â€Å"Lessons for ‘Undercover’ Bosses† 34 Case Incident 2 Era of the Disposable Worker? 35 vii

Importance Of The First Amendment - 1114 Words

The Importance of the First Amendment When our Nation had regarded themselves as thirteen newly colonies and to separate themselves from Great Britain. Congress had imparted to the state legislature twelve amendments to the Constitution. These Amendments later became the Bill of Rights, the first basic rights that the country was founded to provide. The whole point that the Bill of Rights were made was so that new Federal Government were prevented from impairing human rights and freedom. However, these rights are being undermined through extreme liberalism that happens in the education system predominantly the First Amendment. According to The Constitution of the United States, Amendment 1. The First Amendment says â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† As Americans, we have prided ourselves about our nation for having the Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, and Assembly. However the First Amendment, the freedom in which we have pride for has been diminished through excessive liberalism in the educational system. Extreme liberalism, is something that lately has been being used in favor of someone or something. In today’s era people are being limited in their freedom of speech because people are too sensitive and it can be offensive.Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The First Amendment842 Words   |  4 Pagespetition are some of the rights that make up the first amendment. 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Anthony exercising their first amendment right toRead MoreImportance Of Mass Media As A Representation Of The First Amendment2774 Words   |  12 PagesImportance of mass media as a representation of the first amendment in Hillary Clinton’s current presidential campaign Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton, born in October 26, 1947 is an American attorney, politician and a member of the Democratic Party. She is the wife of the 42nd president of the United States, Bill Clinton and she served as the First Lady of the united states from 1993 to 2001.Hillary Clinton was representing New York in the United States from 2001 to 2009.In 2008 election, she was theRead MoreThe Importance of the First Amendment of the United States’ Bill of Rights for Democratic Government and its Citizens787 Words   |  4 PagesBeing expression one of the most important rights of the people to maintain a connected society right to speech should be accepted to do so. 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Along with others, this right is declaredRead MoreThe Bill of Rights: The Best Way to Limit the Power of the National Government772 Words   |  3 PagesThe importance of the Bill of Rights was not universally agreed upon at the time of their suggestion (Amar, 1992). In fact, in the original Constitution the Bill of Rights was specifically rejected by the Constitutional committee. The general feeling among committee members was that the provisions of the Bill of Rights were unnecessary in that protections were already in place. For tunately, there was a vocal group of critics who argued that the Constitution was incomplete without human rights guaranteesRead MoreEffects Of Ratifying The Constitution Robert Whitehill s Speech On September Essay931 Words   |  4 Pagespermanent landmark by which they may learn the extent of their authority, and the people be able to discover the first encroachments on their liberties†. 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Concepts of Criminal Law Free Essays

William Elf August 17, 2013 The Choice of Evil Defense is also called the General Defense of Necessity. This defense justifies an act that may be a crime but Is done to prevent a greater evil. â€Å"the choice of veil’s defense consists of proving that the defendant made the right choice, the only choice?namely, the necessity of choosing now to do a lesser evil to avoid a greater evil† (Samara, 2014). We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts of Criminal Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Model Penal Code contains the elements in three steps: 1) Identify the evils. 2) Rank the evils that are present. 3) Choose the evil that would be the best and that something is going to happen immediately. The choice of veil’s defense says it is better to commit a lesser crime to avoid the harm a greater crime would cause. An example of this would be if your neighbors’ car was burning in a parking lot and you saw it was on fire and sitting next to the neighbors’ car was a car that had three children In It. No one was In your neighbors car so no one was In harms’ way but there was no adult in the car with the kids. In order to protect the kids, you went over and Jumped In the car and moved the car further away from the fire. The mother came out and saw that her car was not in the spot she parked it and called the police. The police charged you with stealing the vehicle and kidnapping of the three kids. At trial you presented the choice of evil defense stating that you had to move the car with the children in It to prevent them from burning up in the fire caused by the neighbor’s car. If you wouldn’t have moved the car to a safe place, the children would have been seriously injured or killed. In this scenario the Judge should allow the defense of the choice of evil because if he wouldn’t have moved the car when he did, the kids would have been severely hurt or killed immediately. He didn’t have erne to go try to find the mother of the kids so she could move the car herself. Reference Samara. (2014). Criminal law (1 lath De. ) Coinage Learning By diamagnetic Everest University Online offense Justifies an act that may be a crime but is done to prevent a greater evil. The car that had three children in it. No one was in your neighbor’s car so no one was in kids, you went over and Jumped in the car and moved the car further away from the to move the car with the children in it to prevent them from burning up in the fire should allow the defense of the choice of evil because if he wouldn’t have moved the didn’t have time to go try to find the mother of the kids so she could move the car Samara, (2014). Criminal law (1 lath De. ) Coinage Learning How to cite Concepts of Criminal Law, Papers

Report on Hyundai Volvo Jetstar Malaysian Airlines-free samples

Question: Write a report on hyundai volvo jetstar and malaysian airlines. Answer: Introduction This report introduces the details of competitive strategies of the four companies that belong to two industries. The companies are Hyundai and Volvo from the automobile industry and Malaysian Airlines and Jet Star of airline industry. The report introduces the strategies of these four companies on the AAA framework. The analysis and discussion of the framework on those four companies have been elaborated in the subsequent sections. Some recommendation have been given for the improvement of the situation. 1.0 Analysis and discussion 1.1 Hyundais strategies 1.1.1 Adaptation Hyundai is an automotive company based on South Korea and has worldwide popularity of its products. It has taken adaptation policies for the expansion of its business in the Asian, European as well as in the American countries (Kim, Hoskisson and Lee 2015). One of such adaptation is the inducing a variation in their offered models. The company has launched their model Santa Fe in the market of India being aware of the tastes and preferences of their target audience. Such strategies have been specifically made for a nation to ensure more revenue from the market. The company has also introduced special design of their product variants to create more attraction to their customers. 1.1.2 Aggregation Hyundai has made the strategies for aggregation of their business to make an integrated approach for their prosperity throughout the world. The company has made the aggregation of the business in terms of economies of scale and scope throughout the world. The aggregation has been done on CAGE framework. The dimensions are cultural, administrative, geographic and economic. Hyundai has positioned several products as per the cultures of the nations in Asia and Europe (Brondoni 2014). To make an administrative integration they have obeyed the policies of the North American countries. They have introduced privacy policies for maintaining privacy of their users such as the information to be collected, procedure of information to be collected, procedure of information to be collected, procedure of sharing the information with the third parties, information security, choice of information. 1.1.3 Arbitration Hyundai has also adopted the strategies for arbitration through enhancing sales in the South East Asian and North American countries and reducing the sales in the European countries (Han, Lee and Choi 2015). The company has realized that the consumers in the European market are much more prone towards the products of General Motors. Therefore, they have aimed to enhance their distribution with varied channels in the market of North America and South East Asia. Such regions have a high demand of the products that Hyundai have. The company has a requirement of the manufacturers arbitration. The companys policy actually required some disputes regarding warranty that are to be settled through the arbitrage of binding. As per the clause, until the owners make a notification to the company, that is within the 90 days of the vehicle purchase (Jun and Park 2015). It is their decision for opting out the pay to $275 for helping to cover the proceeding of the cost. 1.2 Volvos strategies 1.2.1 Adaptation Volvo is Sweden based automotive manufacturer that has made their marketing strategy for their adaptation of their business in France that is in comparison to the origin of the company, therefore Sweden. The brands origin can have implications in the associations, which are different in the mind of the consumer, which will make an impact on the brands perception. In consequence, Volvo has a requirement of the adaptation in the specificities in the market of target for attracting and satisfying more customers (Janesson, Nilsson and Rapp 2013). It is to provide the audience of France with the products that are been adapted to the needs of them. It is actually through the increase of the revenues and sales. The company has used the structures preferred by the French people while making the design of their products. 1.2.2 Aggregation To make a good a business health, the company has taken the aggregation strategies in the cultural, administrative, geographic and economic dimensions. In the year 1997, the company has taken the environmental programs for the continuous improvement along with development of their technology (Sushandoyo and Magnusson 2014). The company is also efficient in terms of resources. The programs that the company have adopted for aggregation involves taking a view that is holistic for minimization of the impacts of the requirement of process and product. Another program is to strive for improving in a continuous manner throughout the operations of the company through formulation, communication and the goals, which are clearly defined. The aggregation strategy also involves the demand of the consumers in the care of environment. The company also takes account of the products complete life cycle and makes process for minimization of energy consumption and reduction of waste. 1.2.3 Arbitration Volvo has adopted the arbitration strategies that include enhancement of their performance along with reduction of cost and risks. The company has made a dramatic change for maintaining its competitive position in the market (Ke and Diao 2016). The company has made growth in the markets that are emerging and has made welcome to the employees who are new. Such strategy of arbitration has made the operations of the company to run in nearly 190 markets and has given opportunity of employment to more than 115000 individuals. Such strategy has made a creation of sustainable and efficient solutions of transport for the customers of Volvo. In the year 2012, the company launched a three year strategies for their areas of individual business. The result has made a process for the focus areas that are normally very important for the development of the future. Such structural governance has made encouragement of monitoring in the close level (Dawar 2013). The system has made a target for the cl arification of the individual for achieving the targets. 1.3 Jetstars strategies 1.3.1 Adaptation Jetstar Airways is the Australia based airline company that has the low fare airlines starting from Australia to New Zealand to the 15 countries throughout the region of Asia-Pacific (Fu and Oum 2014). The company has made more deduction in their ticket fares in the Oceanian countries to maintain their market share. They have made such adaptations for making them more competitive. To maintain a good workforce, the company has implemented a recruitment process through which they can hire quality professionals (Whyte and Lohmann 2015). They have implemented the process that include online application, interview of video or phone, centre of assessment along with the interviews in the final level. For making adaptation to the demand of higher quality workforce, the company will recruit the manpower who should have learning thirst and the willingness for making adaptation to the environment that is changing. 1.3.2 Aggregation Jetstar Airways is a wholly owned subsidiary company of Qantas, a brand having world- class repute. In the year 2004, the company has made a launch of its flight and made a promotion of the Magda Szubanski as the mascot of it. In the year 2007, the company made a servicing of its route in the international level. It has also made a move for becoming the sponsor of the team of the NRL Football (Snyder and Tai 2014). The company has also made a strategy for the expansion of the service of JetStar StarClass for all the routes in the international level for increasing market share through 5% of approximation. 1.3.3 Arbitration The company has adopted the strategy of arbitration in case of the strategic direction towards Eastern Asia. It has made bases in Vietnam and Singapore for its future growth. The company has availed the wages that are cheaper in Asia along with the service and property costs. It has made position for making emergence in rapid manner in Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand and China (Pearson et al. 2015). The Jetstar has the brand for a significant amount of share price, that has made collapse of 45 per cent over the last year. It has been known that the arbitration of the looming binding has forced the company to make a dilution of the plans for moving swiftly from Australia. 1.3 Malaysian Airlines strategies 1.3.1 Adaptation The Malaysian Airlines has also made strategies for adapting themselves with the increased cost. They have made an embarkation on the plan for restructuring in a massive manner by the end of 2011 with an aim for reducing the costs and returning for a profitability of full year (Ashwini Nand, Singh and Power 2013). In the year 2012, the company made another strategy for business regarding focusing on the premium sector and on the competitive market of Asia. The company also made an announcement for making double its budget of marketing. They made an investment that is over US$190 million for focusing the premium sector and the market of Asia for rebuilding their brand. 1.3.2 Aggregation The company has made the strategies for making aggregation of their business functions in the recent times (Bamber et al. 2013). Though the company has undergone through an underperformance before the disappearing of MH-370 flight, it has gone through an offensive of public relations. It is to try for moving the brand of the carrier away from the tragedy. Such strategy for rebranding has made involvement of the change of name (Homsombat, Lei and Fu 2014). The company is majorly owned by the government of Malaysia is currently seeking the investors that are new and also making its growth in the outsourcing department for increasing the profitability. The company has made economic aggregations of its policies resulting to carry over 50000 passengers on 360 flights in each day. 1.3.3 Arbitration The company has adopted various policies for the enhancement of their performance. They have succeeded to set the award for their arbitration policies due to their association of pilots. The award was been given by the High Court of Tuesday after making the decisions that was made in the chambers of commerce (Chan 2014). It has been stated in the interpretation that the pilots of Malaysian Airlines should be kept far away for 5 consecutive days from the KLIA for entitlement where the commissioner made an agreement of the interpretation that is correct. The companys achievement actually made a statement that the circular was been provided to the entire pilots of the company. Recommendations For Hyundai Automobiles, Launching more innovative products to attract more audience The company should be participative in launching more innovative products which can attract the audience in more numbers in their target market. Targeting new nations for the expansion of market The company should make research work for making their next target nation for expansion of their business activities. For Volvo Automobile, Making more mergers with the local automobile companies The company should prepare their strategies with the local automobile companies of the nation they have chosen as their target market to ensure a better distribution of their automobiles. Producing more fuel efficient cars The company should concentrate on making more fuel efficient car which save the cost of its consumers in the long run. Such benefits will make more gatherings of the customers. For Jetstar Airlines, Making more strategic alliance with the big multinational airlines The company should indulge for making the strategic alliance with the airlines companies of big brand name so that the sustainability can be maintained. Making ticket prices of all classes to be affordable with reasonable margin The company should make the price of the tickets of all classes be reasonably low so that it cannot create any problem for the customers from buying it. For Malaysian Airlines, Providing more flexibility to the work schedules of the pilots The company should impose more flexibility to the schedules of their pilots so that they can get ample time for relaxation and work with full energy. Investing more amount for making new routes in the domestic aviation The company should invest heavy amount for increasing more number of flights to make a balance in the distribution of domestic airlines. Conclusion From the above recommendations, it can be concluded that though all the four companies of the two industries have progressed significantly and has a good number of market share, still they all have to go a lot of way to reach the ultimate point of success. To achieve such milestone they have to restructure their strategies in a continuous manner to be the ultimate point of customer satisfaction in the long run. References Ashwini Nand, A., Singh, P.J. and Power, D., 2013. Testing an integrated model of operations capabilities: an empirical study of Australian airlines.International Journal of Operations Production Management,33(7), pp.887-911. Bamber, G.J., Gittell, J.H., Kochan, T.A. and Von Nordenflycht, A., 2013.Up in the air: How airlines can improve performance by engaging their employees. Cornell University Press. Brondoni, S.M., 2014. Innovation and Imitation for Global Competitive Strategies. The Corporation Development Models of US, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan.Symphonya. Emerging Issues in Management, (1), pp.12-27. Chan, J.K.L., 2014. Understanding the meaning of low airfare and satisfaction among leisure air travellers using Malaysian low-cost airlines.Journal of Vacation Marketing,20(3), pp.211-223. Dawar, N., 2013. When marketing is strategy.Harvard business review,91(12), pp.100-108. Fu, X. and Oum, T.H., 2014. Air transport liberalization and its effects on airline competition and traffic growthAn overview.Advances in Airline Economics,4, pp.11-44. Han, B., Lee, J. and Choi, S., 2015. Hyundai Card Company: Strategic Challenges in Changing Environment: Instructor's Note.Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies,21(4), p.163. Homsombat, W., Lei, Z. and Fu, X., 2014. Competitive effects of the airlines-within-airlines strategyPricing and route entry patterns.Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review,63, pp.1-16. Jannesson, E., Nilsson, F. and Rapp, B. eds., 2013.Strategy, control and competitive advantage: Case study evidence. Springer Science Business Media. Jun, S. and Park, S., 2015. Examining technological competition between BMW and Hyundai in the Korean car market.Technology Analysis Strategic Management, pp.1-20. Ke, J. and Diao, Z., 2016. Strategy Discussion of Chinese Auto Industry via Innovative Theory of Source. Kim, H., Hoskisson, R.E. and Lee, S.H., 2015. Why strategic factor markets matter:New multinationals' geographic diversification and firm profitability.Strategic Management Journal,36(4), pp.518-536. Pearson, J., OConnell, J.F., Pitfield, D.E. and Ryley, T., 2015. Competition Between Asian Network Airlines and Low-Cost Carriers: Strategic Analysis.Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2501), pp.56-65. Snyder, D.J. and Tai, A.P., 2014. Customer Satisfaction At Low Cost Airlines: A Case Study Of Jetstar Pacific Airlines (JPA). InProceeding of the Clute Institute International Academic Conference(pp. 254-265). Sushandoyo, D. and Magnusson, T., 2014. Strategic niche management from a business perspective: Taking cleaner vehicle technologies from prototype to series production.Journal of Cleaner Production,74, pp.17-26. Whyte, R. and Lohmann, G., 2015. The carrier-within-a-carrier strategy: An analysis of Jetstar.Journal of Air Transport Management,42, pp.141-148.

Public Administration and Politics free essay sample

duction During the apartheid era, the South African public service was isolated and out of touch with international developments in Public Sector Reform (PSR) (Thornhill, 2008). New Public Management (NPM) ideology based on generic management ideas and institutional economics had spread through the Anglophone world in the 1980s and 1990s (Hughes, 2003). During the transition in the early 1990s, very little work done by the African National Congress (ANC) on the nature of the post-apartheid public service. It was understandably obsessed on the issue of political power. It is often argued that NPM has been highly influential in shaping Public sector reform in post-apartheid South Africa. To what extent has the South African public service been influenced by NPM reforms, as opposed to other reforms? What has been the effects of these reforms? They are decentralization of authority and responsibility to managers, rightsizing which entails reducing the size of the public sector, corporatisation in the form of converting departments into free standing units, the creation of the Senior Management System (SMS), the use of the contract system for heads of departments, the creation of a more flexible human resources system, the introduction of Performance Management and attempts to improve service delivery. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Administration and Politics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the exception of fully blown privatization and public-private partnerships, this focus probably straddles the entire spectrum of NPM. The method consisted of interviews with a number of senior government officials which included three current Director-Generals. An interview was also held with the previous Minister of Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA), Geraldine Fraser-Moleketi. New Public Management: The Framework In the 1980s, the traditional bureaucratic public administration model of Max Weber and Woodrow Wilson was challenged in Anglophone countries such as England, Australia and New Zealand. A new model of public sector management emerged in these countries which was called NPM. NPM is not a coherent theory but rather a discrete set of ideas that can be broadly divided into two categories. First, there is the use of private management ideas, such as the provision of more responsive and efficient services, performance agreements including service standards, greater independence and flexibility for managers and new financial techniques. Second, there is greater use of as privatisation and public-private partnerships in service provision. NPM is generally inspired by the values and concepts of the private sector. It was seen as a way of cutting through the red tape and rigidity associated with old-style public administration. The Context of Public Sector Reform Global economic influences have been an important background variable in considering administrative reform. One general reason for public sector reforms internationally is to restrain public spending, lighten the bureaucratic burden and to reshape social policies that cannot be afforded (Polity and Bouckaert (2004:28).

Creation Paper

Creation Paper Creation Paper Creation Paper: Develop Your Creative Skills There may be different situations when you have to write a creation paper as well as there may be different kinds of creation papers. But the main issue you should understand is the purpose of such papers. If you get the point, it will be easier for you to write a creation paper. Purpose of Creation Paper Writing Actually, creative writing is a special kind of writing. Creation papers are called not to convince, argue, prove or research but to develop an idea, first of all. A creation paper is personal writing. That means that you should express your own ideas, thoughts and emotions concerning a certain issue in such a paper. Thus, all that you need in writing of such a paper is your thinking and creative skills the ability to ponder a problem and generate ideas. Process of Writing Interesting Creation Paper So, you have a topic that you are going to write your creation paper on and you have something to say about this topic. What s hould you do? Lets try to point out the main steps that you should take in order to join all your ideas about a topic into a good creation paper!Put down all the ideas that come to your mind. Do not be afraid if you have got a chaotic picture. You are working at a paper draft. So, it is quite usual! Point the main idea that you would like to develop in your creation paper. All other ideas should be bound with the main one and support it. Make an outline on the basis of your notes. Do not forget your creation paper like any other kind of writing should be well-organized. So, split it into several interrelated parts. As a rule, they are introduction, main body and conclusion. Write your paper keeping in mind your outline. Secrets of Successful Creation Paper When writing your creation paper pay attention to the following:Any paper should grab the interest of the reader. Otherwise, what is it written for? You should catch the interest of your reader from the very begi nning. So, make the introduction of your paper as interest as possible. You may use questions or some exclamatory phrases, it is up to you! Of course, you put forward no theories, suggest no arguments and make no research in your creation paper. But it also should have some logical ending. So, there should be a final part containing 1 or 2 sentences that will summarize your writing. Creation paper is a unique kind of writing. It may not meet all the requirements of the academic writing. But there are some aspects that you should pay your attention to. First of all, it concerns grammar, punctuation and spelling. So, try to avoid any mistakes while writing. Thus, keeping in mind this information will help you in writing your creation paper.

Robert Darnton's Peasants Tell Tales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robert Darnton's Peasants Tell Tales - Essay Example In a piece of writing "Peasants Tell Tales" published in the New York Review of Books in February 1984 Darnton asserted that Europe's fairy tales presented an unusual door into "the mental world of the early modern peasantry", for the reason that those tales integrated centuries of peasant acuities. To Darnton, the fairy tales of Perrault plus the Grimms took on an influential new implication, due to their potential to imitate peasant worldviews and quick looks of lives lived in centuries past. Darnton further recommended in his article "Peasants Tell Tales" that French and German variant of the same storyline consistently measured national characteristics as well as national differences. The influence of Darnton's essay lay in his collection of familiar contentions on the subject of the origins and spread of fairy tales. Nineteenth-century postulations had turn into twentieth-century verities.

Marketing strategies analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing strategies analysis - Case Study Example Despite this factor, it is also imperative to know that the company has retained and even accumulated a high number of customers that have remained loyal and this is owing to the appropriate customer service they get from the company and the long services that they get from these commodities. There are many existing opportunities for disruptive innovation in this particular market and Apex has really integrated them and thus come out as strengths.. All these developments receive appreciation and are recognized as milestones in the contemporary technology environment. It is important to understand that coming up with a new technological marketing device in the company, such as a watch, where it is directly connected to the phone, the operator can directly hear the conversation between the seller, and the buyer has it leading in its industry. The connection is in a manner that the user does not require to get into the pocket to communicate with the head office regarding the pricing but rather just presses some buttons on the device and talks freely is a bold move that can revolutionize the technology world. This one disruptive innovation will work effectively in the contemporary world. Another strength is regarding the fact that the company has earned many loyal customers over the years and thus it is difficult for other companies to attract them. Competitors are very critical in any business. In order to understand the weaknesses presented by the company, it is important to put oneself as one of the competitors and show the various ways the competitor can beat Apex due to its weakness. If tasked with the role of bringing up a rival company, an effective strategy would ensure that the strategy was quite different from that adopted by Apex Foods. As opposed to Apex Foods’s strategy of marketing commodities to high-end customers only, the commodities produced would be of high

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Mutants

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) Mutants GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN (GFP) MUTANTS WITH ALTERED FLUORESCENCE INTENSITY AND EMMISSION SPECTRA Introduction: Now-a-days GFP is creating revolution in the field of science by its applications and properties.GFP is a stable protein extracted from the photo organs of the jellyfish Aequoria victoria by Shimomura et al in 1962. In 1992 the cloning of GFP has done. It is found in a variety of coelenterates (both hydrozoa and anthozoa) and it emits light by utilising energy from the Ca2+ activated photoprotein aequorin [1]. Energy transfer and the emission spectra of GFP can be affected by dimerization. Structure of GFP is cylindrical ÃŽ ²-can structure and has a chromophore located centrally. The chromophore is responsible for the fluorescence and the formation is independent of species but mainly depends on oxygen. GFP is a small protein and has been made up of 238 amino acids. Deletion of any seven amino acids either from C-terminus or N-terminus may result in the loss of fluorescence. Amino acid replacement is responsible for the change in colours of GFP. It has a molecular weight of 27 KDa an d has an absorption range at 488 nm and an emission range at 509 nm. It can accomplish high temperatures (65 ÌŠc) and basic PH range of 6-12 [2]. Increase in PH results in the decrease of fluorescence. Increase in the fluorescence and photo stability can be achieved by single point mutation at S65T. Fluorophore of the GFP is generated by using auto-catalytic process of continuous mechanisms. Visible excitation is one of the optical properties of GFP. Its derivatives are produced from the mutagenesis experiments like random and directed mutagenesis [3]. GFP is majorly used as a reporter in expressing genes. Protein and chromophore folding also constitutes as a major advantage of GFP. It can also be used in protein fusion by applying recombinant DNA technology. Aim of this research is to analyze properties of GFP by cloning, mutations, expression of proteins and purification. Objectives of this research are to sub-clone GFP into a vector and mutations are carried out by various mutagenesis experiments followed by expression of proteins and purification. Finally after purification properties are analyzed. Materials and methods: Initially DNA is isolated and GFPuv is sub-cloned into the pET28c vector from pET23 plasmid by speectrophotometric analysis. 5 µg of pET23GFPuv DNA is digested by using NdeI and HindIII restriction enzymes. And the digests are analysed by using Agarose gel electrophoresis. GFP fragment is extracted and purified using QIA quick gel extraction kit from QIAGEN and the recovered DNA is estimated. Recombinant protein is expressed in E.coli by ligation and transformation. To confirm the presence of GFP in the pET28c plasmid, colony PCR is used. Further mutagenesis experiments are carried out by designing oligonucleotide primers which will alter the spectral properties of the protein. Complementary primers containing same mutations are generated. Mutagenic primers are prepared with a melting temperature of ≠¥ 78 ºC, length between 25 and 45 bases and primers longer than 45 bases are generally used. Introduction and identification of mutations within GFPuv gene: Mutations are created in the GFPuv insert by site-directed mutagenesis Site-directed mutagenesis: 5 µl 10 x PCR buffer 5 µl 20 mM dNTP mixes 15 ng GFPuv-pET28c template DNA 125ng oligonucleotide primer F+ 125ng oligonucleotide primer R+ 2 µl 25mM MgSo4 32 µl sterile water 1 µl KOD hot start polymerase (1U/ µl) * All the above are added to 0.2ml PCR tubes and incubated in a PCR machine for 24 cycles: 94 ºC 30s 94 ºC 30s 55 ºC 1min 68 ºC 4min 20s 68 ºC 10 min * Reaction is then kept on ice for 2 min and 1 µl (1U) of Dpn1 is added and incubated for 60 min at 37 ºC Alignment of amino acid sequences is carried out using: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/clustalw2/index.html Product of site-directed mutagenesis (pET28c DNA) is transformed into XL-1 supercompetent cells. Transformed colonies are extracted using QIAprep Mini prep kit Qiagen [5]. Concentration and purity can be checked by using Agarose gel electrophoresis. For this 5 µl of plasmid preparation and 10U HindIII are digested at 37 ºC for 1h. Sequencing is then carried out by using 10 µl of DNA at a concentration of 50ng/ µl. E.coli BL21 (DE3) cells are prepared and are transformed into the pET28cGFPuv plasmid for expression Auto-induction method: Wild type protein (GFPuv) and the mutant protein are expressed in the expression vector [BL21 (DE3)] using auto-induction method. For this transformed colonies are inoculated into 3ml of LB-1D + antibiotic media and incubated at 37 ºC at 300 RPM for 6 hrs and O.D is taken. Inoculum is taken into the flask containing SB-5052 auto-induction medium along with antibiotic and incubated at 28 ºC at 300 RPM for 20 hrs. Cultures are then cooled for 1 hr. Total induced sample is prepared by taking 100 µl of cooling culture and 900 µl of SB-5052 media. Cells are then pelletized by centrifuging it with both total induced and non-induced samples and are resuspended in 100 µl of SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PAGE)) sample buffer. 12% of polyacrylamide gel is prepared and the Soluble and insoluble samples are prepared by cell fractionation using BUGBUSTER. For this 1 µl of DNAase1 is used along with reagents. Cell suspension is then centrifuged at 13000rpm for 20mins. Supernatant is then used as soluble sample and insoluble is prepared by resuspending the pellet in 2ml binding buffer. SDS-PAGE buffer and binding buffer are added to the soluble and insoluble fractions. At 95 ºC all samples are heated for 5 min. Gel is then loaded as: Molecular weight standard-5 µl Uninduced sample 5 µl Induced total sample 5 µl Soluble sample 5 µl Gel has to run for 1 hr. And is transfered to a box of Coomassie blue stain. Western blotting: GFP protein presence can be verified using western blotting technique. Protein samples are first seperated by SDS-PAGE and are transferred to the nitrocellulose membrane. GFP bound to nitrocellulose membrane is then visualised by incubating the blot with His-probe which is linked to a HRP (horse radish peroxidase) enzyme (HisprobeTM-HRP solution is diluted to 1:5000 (1 µl in 5ml) ). His-tag of GFP protein is bound to probe. Blots are kept in TBST and probes and thus probes are visualised by chemiluminescence and these are photographed by chemiluminescent reader. Ni-NTA chromatography: His tagged GFP can be purified by Ni-NTA (nickel nitrilo triacetic acid) chromatography method. In this, sample of soluble protein is loaded on column packed agarose resin and the non-specific protein binding is removed by washing resin with buffer and is eluted by high concentrated imidazole of elution buffer. After elution the purification of protein is done by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie staining. The concentration of the protein is measured by Bradford assay. Fluorimetry and mass spectrometry: Properties of GFPuv protein are analysed by Fluorimetry and mass spectroscopy. Fluorimetry: In this wavelength and intensity of a molecule at specific wavelength are measured using fluorimeters. Perkin Elmer LS50B is the fluorimeter used to measure GFP. Quartz cuvettes are placed in a chamber to measure the concentration and intensity. The parameters set to measure GFP are: Excitation 440nm Emission 460-550nm Slit widths 4 and 4 Accumulation 5 20 µg/ml of protein concentration is used. The emission and excitor wavelengths are set at 509nm and 395nm. Mass spectrometry: GFPuv properties and molecular mass can be analysed by mass spectroscopy. The type of mass spectroscopy used here is electron spray ionization (ESI). ESI is a type of atmospheric pressure ionisation technique (API) which is used for biochemical analysis. JEOL HX110/HX110A equipped with electron ion source tandem mass spectrometers are used to analyse structural properties [7]. 1-10 pmol/ µl of protein concentration is used. Solvents used are: MeOH MeCN TFA During ionisation sample is dissolved in a solvent and is pumped through a steel capillary at a rate of 1 µl/min and voltage of 3 or 4KV is applied [8]. Ion current is amplified by the detector and the data system will record signals in the form of mass spectrum. RESULTS: Site-directed mutagenesis: Primers used for site directed mutagenesis (Mutant) Forward primer: 5-CACTTGTCACTACTTTCTCTTGGGGTGTTCAATGCTTTTCC-3 Reverse primer: 5-GGAAAAGCATTGAACACCCCAAGAGAAAGTAGTGACAAGTG-3 Alignment of the amino acid sequence of the mutant with the GFPuv amino acid sequence GFPuv MSKGEELFTGVVPILVELDGDVNGHKFSVSGEGEGDATYGKLTLKFICTTGKLPVPWPTL 60 mGFPuv MSKGEELFTGVVPILVELDGDVNGHKFSVSGEGEGDATYGKLTLKFICTTGKLPVPWPTL 60 ************************************************************ GFPuv VTTFSYGVQCFSRYPDHMKRHDFFKSAMPEGYVQERTISFKDDGNYKTRAEVKFEGDTLV 120 mGFPuv VTTFSWGVQCFSRYPDHMKRHDFFKSAMPEGYVQERTISFKDDGNYKTRAEVKFEGDTLV 120 *****:****************************************************** Y66W GFPuv NRIELKGIDFKEDGNILGHKLEYNYNSHNVYITADKQKNGIKANFKIRHNIEDGSVQLAD 180 mGFPuv NRIELKGIDFKEDGNILGHKLEYNYNSHNVYITADKQKNGIKANFKIRHNIEDGSVQLAD 180 ************************************************************ GFPuv HYQQNTPIGDGPVLLPDNHYLSTQSALSKDPNEKRDHMVLLEFVTAAGITHGMDELYK- 238 mGFPuv HYQQNTPIGDGPVLLPDNHYLSTQSALSKDPNEKRDHMVLLEFVTAAGITHGMDELYK- 238 ********************************************************** Amino acid substitution: Y66W Belongs to Class 5, indole in chromophore (cyan fluorescent proteins) [6] eCFP CATATGAGTAAAGGAGAAGAACTTTTCACTGGAGTTGTCCCAATTCTTGTTGAATTAGAT 60 GFP ATGAGTAAAGGAGAAGAACTTTTCACTGGAGTTGTCCCAATTCTTGTTGAATTAGAT 57 ********************************************************* eCFP GGTGATGTTAATGGGCACAAATTTTCTGTCAGTGGAGAGGGTGAAGGTGATGCAACATAC 120 GFP GGTGATGTTAATGGGCACAAATTTTCTGTCAGTGGAGAGGGTGAAGGTGATGCAACATAC 117 ************************************************************ eCFP GGAAAACTTACCCTTAAATTTATTTGCACTACTGGAAAACTACCTGTTCCATGGCCAACA 180 GFP GGAAAACTTACCCTTAAATTTATTTGCACTACTGGAAAACTACCTGTTCCATGGCCAACA 177 ************************************************************ eCFP CTTGTCACTACTTTCTCTTGGGGTGTTCAATGCTTTTCCCGTTATCCGGATCACATGAAA 240 GFP CTTGTCACTACTTTCTCTTATGGTGTTCAATGCTTTTCCCGTTATCCGGATCATATGAAA 237 ******************* ******************************** ****** Mutation eCFP CGGCATGACTTTTTCAAGAGTGCCATGCCCGAAGGTTATGTACAGGAACGCACTATATCT 300 GFP CGGCATGACTTTTTCAAGAGTGCCATGCCCGAAGGTTATGTACAGGAACGCACTATATCT 297 ************************************************************ eCFP TTCAAAGATGACGGGAACTACAAGACGCGTGCTGAAGTCAAGTTTGAAGGTGATACCCTT 360 GFP TTCAAAGATGACGGGAACTACAAGACGCGTGCTGAAGTCAAGTTTGAAGGTGATACCCTT 357 ************************************************************ eCFP GTTAATCGTATCGAGTTAAAAGGTATTGATTTTAAAGAAGATGGAAACATTCTCGGACAC 420 GFP GTTAATCGTATCGAGTTAAAAGGTATTGATTTTAAAGAAGATGGAAACATTCTCGGACAC 417 ************************************************************ eCFP AAACTCGAGTACAACTATAACTCACACAATGTATACATCACGGCAGACAAACAAAAGAAT 480 GFP AAACTCGAGTACAACTATAACTCACACAATGTATACATCACGGCAGACAAACAAAAGAAT 477 ************************************************************ eCFP GGAATCAAAGCT 492 GFP GGAATCAAAGCTAACTTCAAAATTCGCCACAACATTGAAGATGGATCCGTTCAACTAGCA 537 ************ eCFP GFP GACCATTATCAACAAAATACTCCAATTGGCGATGGCCCTGTCCTTTTACCAGACAACCAT 597 eCFP GFP TACCTGTCGACACAATCTGCCCTTTCGAAAGATCCCAACGAAAAGCGTGACCACATGGTC 657 eCFP GFP CTTCTTGAGTTTGTAACTGCTGCTGGGATTACACATGGCATGGATGAGCTCTACAAATAA 717 SDS-PAGE : Coomassie staining gel of (Sample 6): Marker GFP protein (soluble sample) Western blotting (Sample 11): Induced total sample GFP protein Ni-NTA chromatography: Fluorimetry: Mass spectrometry: Wild-type: Mutant: Discussion: Site-directed mutagenesis: In the site-directed mutagenesis mutation is carried out at the right place i.e., at 197 and 198 places. Tyrosine (TAT) is mutated to tryptophan (TGG), Y W. During this mutation protein undergoes many changes especially in the fluorescence. GFP turns into CFP (Cyan fluorescent protein) hence the light emitted will not be exactly green. CFP will have many peculiar features like rather than single excitation and emission peaks it possess double humping. Tag CFP possess some properties like: Structure monomer Molecular weight 27KDa Polypeptide length 239aa Fluorescence colour Cyan Maximum excitation 458nm Maximum emission 480nm Excitation coefficient 37000M-1 cm-1 Pka 4.7 Quantum yield 0.57 Brightness 21.1 Brightness is produced by the quantum yield and extinction coefficient. Dual colour visualisation of the protein expressed is enabled by the CFP. This has led to the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Development (FRET). SDS-PAGE: SDS-PAGE is carried out to separate proteins according to their electrophoretic mobility and experimental repeats will result in the purity assessment of the protein. Four wells are loaded with samples and 2 and 4 wells show protein result and as 1 and 3 wells dont contain protein they will be normal without any bands. Results shows that little amount of GFP has been observed in the insoluble and large amount of protein has been observed in the soluble sample. Uninduced sample cannot find GFP. Western-blotting: Western-blot is performed to make sure the presence of protein. Histidine tagged probe is added to confirm the protein present was GFP or not. pET28c plasmid contains T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequence. But this promoter is blocked by the repressor. Hence lactose containing medium is required for E.coli growth. Because lactose is used as carbon source, glucose is converted into allolactose. This allolactose will bind to repressor by unblocking promoter, and expresses GFP. Hence presence of glucose will result in Lac-I and is binds to the operator. Band observed in the blot is probably GFP and it has high level of intensity after induction. And it is necessary to confirm this by performing blotting technique using His probe to detect His tagged GFP. Bands are observed in the induced and soluble samples after performing western blotting confirming the presence of GFP. Ni-NTA chromatography: Purification of GFP can be done by Ni-NTA chromatography. For a recombinant protein the amino acid binding site with 6 or more His residues in a row acts as metal binding site. So hexa-his sequence is called as His-tag. His-tag sequence is present in the N-terminal of the target protein and is located in the promoter region adjacently to the GFP gene. During this process enzyme HRP is also bound to the probe. This HRP-probe will react with luminal 4 peroxidase buffer which is further used for purifying GFP by Ni-NTA chromatography. Purification by His-tagged GFP can be done by using several methods like Ni2+-poly (2 acetomidoacrylic acid) hydrogel. Displacement of GFP can be done by binding nickel to imidazole. This is mainly because of high affinity of nickel towards imidazole compared to GFP.Distinctive bands are supposed to observe in the elute1, elute 2 and also in the total soluble fraction. Bands formed states the presence of the GFP mutant. Absence of the bands states mutant a bsence. In the results bands are observed at the total induced and the soluble samples which state the protein presence. Even small amounts of bands are also observed in the insoluble sample. GFP protein produced in the induced total sample is approximately at 27KDa. Slight bands are observed in the insoluble sample as it may be because of some impurities. Finally the GFP protein has been detected. References: 1. Davenport D, Nichol JAC: Luminescence in Hydromedusae. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B 1955, 144:399-411 2. Ward. W., Prentice, H., Roth, A. Cody. C. and Reeeves.S.1982.Spectral perturbations of the Aequoria green fluorescent protein. Photochem. Photobiol. 35:803-808 3. Cormack, B. P., Valdivia, R. H., Falkow, S. (1996). FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Gene, In press 4. Darelle Thomson , Greg Smith. (2001).PCR-based plasmid vector construction for generation of recombinant viruses. Journal of Virological Methods 94, 7-14 5. Vogelstein, B., and Gillespie, D. (1979) Preparative and analytical purification of DNA from agarose. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 615-619. 6. HEIM, R., PRASHER, D. C. TSIEN, R. Y. 1994. Wavelength Mutations and Posttranslational Autoxidation of Green Fluorescent Protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91, 12501-12504. 7. HARUKI NIWA, SATOSHI INOUYE et,al., Chemical nature of the light emitter of the Aequorea green fluorescent protein. Vol. 93, pp. 13617-13622, November 1996. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 8. â€Å"Mass Spectrometry: A Foundation Course†, K. Downard, Royal Society of Chemistry, UK, 2004.

Foundation Certificate in Human Resource Practice Essay

1. Collecting and recording HR data is vitally important to an organisation. The collecting of the data could be to monitor that laws and regulations are being adhered to for example the Health and Safety at work act 1974, ensuring that all staff are maintaining high health and safety awareness and complying to the law. The data would need to be collected to enable the organisation to prove that it is adhering to current law and legislation. Another example could also be to monitor employee absence levels across the organisation and looking for any pattern or trend relating to individual absences. This data could be used in Absence review meetings and having all the correct and accurate data could be vital in a dispute with an employee. It could highlight issues with employee welfare and enable the company to offer support in order to support the employee back to work. 2. Storing Records There are many methods of storing records, an example is: Electronic which includes hard disks drive – PC, CD – recorder, DVD, databases and spreadsheets, internet or intranet, USB devices, emails and virtual learning environments. Electronic storage can have pros and cons. Advantages can be the speed and accuracy that it provides, spellcheckers etc can all help the documents to be stored accurately. Vast amounts of data can be stored on a computer software system and therefore not take up and physical office space. The electronic way of storing data can also be protected by a password meaning that it is secure and accurate at the same time and protected from anyone outside the HR function, and it means that a variety of colleagues can have access to update and amend the records at the same time, even updating at the same time as colleagues. Manual Storage. Manual storage can be personnel files, absence forms, reports, filing cabinets etc There are lots of benefits to manual storage including having documents which need a physical signature and provide proof of identity like bank details etc. Also should a computer system crash or wipe the documents the paper copy is always accessible. Manual storage is easy to move around and is easy to keep protected and confidential via a lock/key etc although staff with access must ensure it is securely locked away. 3. UK Legislation The Data Protection Act 1998 is about respecting individual rights when processing/collecting and storing their personal information. This is achievable for the company by being honest with employees about the use of their information and by following good data handling procedures. The act is compulsory and all organisations that hold or process personal data must adhere to this. Personal data should be processed fairly and lawfully, the data should be adequate, relevant and not excessive, it should be accurate and where necessary kept up to date, any data should not be kept for longer than necessary, data should be kept secure. All staff has responsibilities under the Act to ensure that their activities comply with the Data Protection Principles Employees do have a right legally to access information that an organisation may hold on them. This could include information regarding any grievances or disciplinary action, or information obtained through performance monitoring processes. Processes should be in place to deal with a data request from an employee as a 40 day time limit is compulsory. The health and safety at work at 1974 is legislation relating to protecting employees from injury or illness as a direct result of their job. All data relating to health and safety must be recorded and stored securely, including accident books. This data may be called upon many years after an employee has left the organisation so staff should ensure documents and information are kept in a secure adequate accessible place. The Freedom of Information Act which came into force in 2000 gives you the right to ask any public sector organisation for all the recorded information they have on any subject. Anyone can make a request for information – there are no restrictions on your age, nationality or where you live. If you ask for information about yourself, then your request will be handled under the Data Protection Act 1998. Recording, Analysing and using Human Resources information is highly important and ensuring it is accurate and efficient will support the organisation strategy in many ways. The Analysis can change the way the organisation moves forward and affect future plans/decisions.

Memorandum: Net Present Value and Apex Investment Partners

MEMORANDUM To Apex Investment Partners: According to my analysis of the Accessline’s proposed term sheet, I do not believe that Apex would serve its own interests, or those of its investing partners, by investing in Accessline according to the terms proposed. By investing at the proposed valuation, according to the proposed control and incentive structure, Apex would be shouldering a disproportionate share of the risk should Accessline fail to meet its performance targets, or require fresh inflows of capital from future investment rounds.Nor can Accessline take the sort of steps necessary to protect its investment in the case of management failure. Should Apex make a counter-offer, I would suggest the following terms: Valuation: Accessline’s projected revenues in 1999 are $208m. Using the average price/revenue ratio of 3com and Boston Technologies, it seems reasonable to expect an IPO valuation at 3. 67 times revenues, producing gross proceeds of $764m with a present va lue of $116m (using our 60% discount rate).Assuming that Accessline meets this revenue target, and that no future funding is required, Apex will take a slight loss on its required rate of return, barring the voluntary distribution of the dividend from the board of directors, on which we are not offered a seat. The present price per share at such an exit would be approximately $7. 84. However, given Accessline’s historical burn rate, it seems unreasonable to expect the $16m investment produced in Series B to last Accessline until 1999.Assuming Accessline will need another $32m to reach its revenue targets by 1999, Apex takes a much more severe loss relative to its required rate of return. The present price per share at such an exit, assuming the new shares are also offered at $8 per share, would be $6. 18 per share. I therefore suggest using $6 per share as a point for a new valuation of the company, assuming the inclusion/revision of terms as described below. Rights and Prefe rences Apart from the valuation, other elements of the term sheet must be adjusted to allow Accessline to protect its interests and motivate or replace management in the case of performance failure.First and foremost, Apex must insist on the right to elect one director to the board. Series A investors already have one seat, and the current voting clauses allow Series A to effectively retain control of decision making by requiring 2/3rds majority for many key decisions. Should future funding rounds be required, those investors may insist on seats on the board. Apex must remove antidilution protection from employee shares, as this removes a significant incentive for employees and management to reduce Accessline’s burn rate.However, as Series A investors retain a veto over the deal, their shares must be allowed to retain anti-dilution protection. Additionally, we may propose a point at which additional investment rounds (above and beyond $32m of fresh capital) would cause diluti on of ESOP shares at an accelerated rate. Dividends should be made cumulative and issuable upon a liquidation event or an IPO. Such dividends may be converted, if the holder desires, to common shares. This will encourage management to seek a quicker exit. Liquidation preference must be strengthened in other ways.In my opinion, the current arrangement allows management and employees to receive unjustified returns in the case of a liquidation. I suggest a ratio of 1. 5 times the Series B purchase price, applicable to Series A shares, with the remainder to be distributed among Series A, Series B, and common shareholders/ESOP on an as-if-converted basis. In an IPO, Series B shares should auto-convert at a ratio of one-to-one at a target price of $12 until June 30th and $15 after June 30th 1996. After that, the targets must continue to ratchet upwards.The written consent of 3/4ths of Preferred shareholders could override this requirement while preserving Apex’s ability to veto aut o-conversion. This voting ratio should also be employed in the voting clause, since without it Apex lacks any ability to control future funding rounds. Series B must be allowed to redeem all of their shares upon the failure of Accessline to come within 5% of its revenue and income projections for 2 consecutive years. Alternatively, Apex could require that unvested management/ESOP shares be returned to Series A and Series B on a pari passu basis in the case of performance failure.Alternatively, Accessline could insist on a right to replace management in the case of this eventuality. Given the large number of competitors already present in the market, it is likely that if Accessline’s business fails, it will do so quickly and drastically. Negotiation considerations It is important to note that a counterproposal from Accessline that strengthens or enhances any of these provisions in Apex’ favor in exchange for a higher issue price of the Series B shares should be consider ed.However, there are limits to the premium we should pay for enhanced control, and firm limits for how far such control can be reduced. A board member and the voting rules are non-negotiable. The dividend and the autoconversion terms, however, are places in which we can demonstrate flexibility. At this price, with these changes to the term sheet, we are still exposed. Significant competitive, regulatory, or technological changes in the marketplace could quickly destroy Accessline’s profitability.This is, as it stands, a strong counterproposal that is bound to meet resistance from management and employees, but provided we preserve Series A’s valuation, I believe Series A investors will be inclined to allow us more control and latitude provided the performance requirements for management are strengthened. Since I believe our competitors will also propose lower valuations based on a view of these same numbers, we must act tactfully. Perhaps some sort of parachute can be arranged for senior management in the event of a takeover.

The Philosophical Branch Of Personal Identity - 1884 Words

In the philosophical branch of personal identity there exist several approaches to the question what is it for the same person to exist over time. It is important to stress that we are referring to numerical identity here, i.e. the identity of a person over a period of time. What is it on the basis of which we say that a person on time point 1 is same as that on time point 2? In general, there exist three approaches to this question: the physical theories (the brain view and the body view), the brain and the bodily identity as the possible criterion of Personal Identity as well as the mental theory such as the psychological continuity view. The latter one determines that a person at an earlier and at a later time are the same person if and only if there is a continuous chain of overlapping direct psychological connections. In his paper â€Å"The Self and the Future†, Williams presents two thought experiments. The first one is a variation of John Locke’s â€Å"body swapping† thought experiment, the second one has the original characteristics of the first experiment but but results in the contrary conclusion to the one of the first experiment. In the first thought experience, person A and B exchange bodies which means that they have the sum of their memories and psychological characteristics transferred into one another’s bodies. By examining various scenarios where in each of them both persons are first asked whether A-body-person or B-body-person should receive a punishment or aShow MoreRelatedPhysics Of Quantum Mechanical Experiments1337 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication. Particles seem not to take one path, not the other, not both, and not neither, and even act as if they â€Å"know† when we’re observing them.) In this final installment of a three-article series, we’ll look in very broad strokes at some of the philosophical implications of these views of quantum mechanics. I. 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